Effects of cognitive- and motor-dual tasks on postural control regularity following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

BackgroundHigh injury rates following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) motivate the need to better understand lingering movement deficiencies following return to sport. Athletic competition involves various types of sensory, motor, and cognitive challenges; however, postural control deficiencies during this spectrum of conditions are not well understood following ACLR.Research questionTo what extent is postural control altered following ACLR in the presence of sensory, motor, and cognitive challenges, and does postural control correlate with patient-reported symptoms?MethodsFourteen individuals following ACLR (4 m/10 f, 21.2 ± 2.4 yr, 76.9 ± 19.1 kg, 1.70 ± 0.14 m) and fourteen matched healthy controls (4 m/10 f, 21.2 ± 1.4 yr, 75.4 ± 15.3 kg, 1.70 ± 0.15 m) participated in the study. Participants completed single-leg balance, ACLR limb or matched side for controls, under four conditions: 1) eyes open, 2) eyes closed, 3) visual-cognitive dual task (i.e., reverse digit span), and 4) motor dual task (i.e., catching a ball). Sample entropy (SEn) was calculated for each balance condition to characterize regularity of center of pressure control. Participants also completed patient-reported outcomes to characterize self-reported knee function, symptoms, and fear. A mixed effects model tested for differences in SEn between balance conditions, and Spearman correlations tested for relationships between SEn and patient-reported outcomes.ResultsA significant Group-by-Condition interaction was detected (P = 0.043). While the motor dual task and eyes closed balance conditions were associated with the lowest SEn for both groups, only the visual-cognitive dual task condition demonstrated a significant difference between groups, with the ACLR group having lower SEn [95% confidence interval for ΔSEn: (0.03, 0.35)]. Lower KOOS-Sport scores were associated with decreased SEn for the ACLR group (ρ = 0.81, P < 0.001).SignificanceThese findings are consistent with ACLR individuals using a less automatic approach to postural control compared to controls, particularly when presented with a visual-cognitive challenge. Altered neuromuscular control persists well after ACLR surgery and can be related to patient-reported outcomes.     

二补助育汤对胚胎着床障碍小鼠子宫血管生成相关因子表达的影响

目的：探讨二补助育汤对胚胎着床障碍模型小鼠子宫内膜形态及血管生成素-1（Ang-1）mRNA、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）mRNA的表达和定位的影响。方法：24只ICR雌性小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、戊酸雌二醇组、二补助育汤组，每组6只，用米非司酮建立胚胎着床障碍动物模型，各组给予相应药物灌胃，妊娠第5天处死小鼠后，检测各组妊娠率、平均着床位点数、子宫内膜Ang-1和VEGF mRNA表达量及其蛋白定位。结果：模型组小鼠平均胚胎着床位点数、Ang-1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA表达量明显低于空白组（均P<0.05）；与模型组比较，二补助育汤组平均胚胎着床位点数、Ang-1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA表达量显著提高（均P<0.05）。结论：二补助育汤可提高子宫内膜Ang-1和VEGF蛋白表达量，促进子宫内膜血管生成，从而提高子宫内膜容受性。     

"邱氏"耳针夹治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病临床研究

目的观察"邱氏"耳针夹治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床疗效。 方法选取2012年8月至2017年8月扬州市中医院针灸科及口腔科门诊患者90例，按照随机数字表法分为耳针夹组和体针组，每组各30例。耳针夹组予"邱氏"耳针夹夹于相关耳穴治疗；体针组予毫针针刺听宫穴、下关穴等穴位进行治疗，2组患者均治疗10 d。采用χ²检验比较2组患者的视觉模拟评分(VAS)和关节活动度(ROM)，比较2组患者疼痛程度及开口度方面的改善情况。 结果(1)治疗10 d后，耳针夹组VAS评分主要集中在0～1分占83.3%(25/30)，其他评分段为≥7分者占3.3%(1/30)，3～7分者占6.7%(2/30)，1～3分者占6.7%(2/30)；体针组VAS评分≥7分者占13.3%(4/30)，3～7分 者占16.7%(5/30)，1～3分者占10.0%(3/30)，0～1分占60.0%(18/30)，耳针夹组VAS评分0～1分段患者多于体针组，且差异有统计学意义(χ²＝2.944，P<0.05)。(2)治疗10 d后，耳针夹组ROM主要集中在3.4～3.9 cm者共占83.4%(25/30)，≤3.0 cm者占13.3%(4/30)，≤2.0 cm者占3.3%(1/30)；体针组ROM 3.4～3.9 cm者占60.0%(18/30)，≤3.0 cm者占26.7%(8/30)，≤2.0 cm者占13.3%(4/30)，耳针夹组ROM 3.4～3.9 cm患者多于体针组，且差异有统计学意义(χ²＝2.944，P<0.05)。(3)耳针夹组、体针组治疗10 d后治愈率分别为33.33%(10/30)、16.67%(5/30)，耳夹针组高于体针组，且差异有统计学意义(χ²＝2.844，P<0.05)。耳针夹组、体针组治疗10 d后总有效率分别为93.33%(28/30)、86.67%(26/30)，耳针夹组高于体针组，且差异有统计学意义(χ²＝4.444，P<0.05)。 结论"邱氏"耳针夹治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病，有即刻镇痛和改善开口度的效果，具有疗效显著、无创伤、安全性高、简便易行等优点，对惧针患者尤为适宜。     

"管氏培元九宫"针法治疗功能性阳痿疗效观察

目的观察"管氏培元九宫"针法治疗功能性阳痿的临床疗效。方法将60例功能性阳痿患者按随机数字表法随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组采用"管氏培元九宫"穴,按"洛书九宫数"施行针刺治疗;对照组口服复方玄驹胶囊。观察两组治疗前后国际勃起功能指数-5(IIEF-5)评分,并比较临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为80.0%,对照组为70.0%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后IIEF-5评分高于治疗前和对照组(P<0.05)。结论"管氏培元九宫"针法对功能性阳痿具有较好临床疗效。     

当归芍药散改善认知功能的研究进展

当归芍药散（danggui shaoyao san，DSS）是收录在汉代张仲景《金匮要略》中的著名方剂，原为治疗“妇人怀妊，腹中㽲痛”、“妇人腹中诸疾痛”而设，为中医健脾祛湿、养血调肝的著名方剂。临床多用于妇科疾病的治疗。近年发现当归芍药散具有神经保护作用，尤其对认知功能具有一定改善作用，其作用机制主要与调控雌激素水平、抑制氧化应激以及神经元突触等转导通路及相关信号分子有关。当归芍药散作为潜在的阿尔茨海默病及其他中枢神经退行性疾病治疗药物将日益受到关注，该文对当归芍药散化学成分和药理作用的研究进展进行综述。     

Learning theories and principles in surgical education and technical learning

What is important to think about in surgical education and technical skills training? Technical skills training is grounded in social cognitive theory and the concepts of modeling and self-efficacy. Cognitive and nontechnical learning is critical to supplement the overall proficiency of the surgical learner in performing an operation. Technical learning is cemented by deliberate practice and there is benefit to productive struggle and failure. External cognitive load should be minimized to maximized operative skills advancement.     

曲美他嗪对冠心病合并左心功能不全的效果

目的 探讨冠心病合并左心功能不全患者行曲美他嗪治疗的临床效果.方法 选择医院于2016年3月—2017年4月期间接收的老年冠心病合并左心功能不全患者60例,采用随机数字表法形式均分为研究组和对照组,每组均30例.对照组行基础治疗,研究组在此基础上口服曲美他嗪,记录两组心功能指标以及不良反应发生率.结果 研究组治疗后LVEDD、LVESD指标低于对照组,左心室射血分数高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组和对照组在用药过程中均未出现严重的反应,研究组出现3例转氨酶上升,2例胃肠道不适;对照组出现2例转氨酶上升,组间对比P<0.05.结论 曲美他嗪行冠心病合并左心功能不全治疗效果明显,心肌功能以及血脂水平有所改善.     

Potential of phloroglucinol to improve erectile dysfunction associated with streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

ObjectiveDiabetes is a common metabolic disease with several complications in its patients. Often, people living with diabetes develop erectile dysfunction (ED). The primary aim of this work was to investigate the effect of phloroglucinol in diabetes-induced ED in rats.MethodsMale Wistar rats were given 52 mg/kg of streptozotocin, by intraperitoneal injection, to induce diabetes and ED. Subsequently, animals were grouped into three groups: group 1, diabetic control; group 2, low-dose phloroglucinol (150 mg/kg body weight); and group 3, high-dose phloroglucinol (250 mg/kg body weight). A group of six normal rats served as a normal control. The rats were treated with phloroglucinol for six weeks and then were assessed for treatment effects. Sexual behavior, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values, serum testosterone, serum nitric oxide (NO), blood pressure and sperm count were measured after the end of treatment.ResultsAfter a 6-week treatment period, the high dose of phloroglucinol significantly decreased HbA1c values in diabetic rats. Rats treated with phloroglucinol had increased serum testosterone, NO and sperm count. Animals treated with 250 mg/kg phloroglucinol performed similar to normal rats in the sexual behavioral study, suggesting the reversal of complications of ED. Conversely, a decrease in the blood pressure in treated groups was observed.ConclusionThe results highlight the protective effect of phloroglucinol in diabetes-induced ED in rats warranting further studies.